In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway portrays the idea that life and war Research Paper

In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway portrays the idea that life and war create nothing but hopelessness and tragedy - Research Paper Example The relationship between Henry and Catherine blossoms and results in Catherine becoming pregnant. Post treatment, Henry has to return to the waterfront leaving behind Catherine and consequently is taken as captives. However, he manages to flee and returns to Catherine. Both of them escape to Switzerland where fate desolates them and both Catherine and the new born baby dies leaving Henry devastated. The theme of love, separation and desolation in the novel can be rightly claimed as a parallel to William Shakespeare’s immortal tale of love and sacrifice Romeo & Juliet. The major theme of this book was to present love as a major theme against war and all kinds of wrongdoing in the world. From the beginning to the end of this novel, every incident was associated with rain. And other images of water. The rain always associated with destruction, sorrow and death, As this story was all about the death of a lover and destruction caused by the war therefore the backdrop of rain was ap propriate to demonstrate the scenario. But in this story the rain was not only the symbol of destruction, it was also used as a symbol of life when Henry were able to escape from the authority twice through a river and lake. There was a clear indication that all the character of this novel was trying to dissociate themselves from the horror of war by means of involving in different games. For Henry, the biggest diversion was his love Catherine. He first treated his love as a game, but slowly started to realize the attraction and connection that he was having with her and how she able to change his life. This love story in the backdrop of the horror of WWI was a resemblance to the immortal love story of Romeo and Juliet. The story portrays that love is always more important than war, and life and war can only bring hopelessness and tragedy. A Farewell to Arms: A story of sacrifice A Farewell to Arms finds its place among the best tragic creations of Ernest Hemingway. Baker in his boo k says that Hemingway himself â€Å"referred to the story of Lieutenant Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley as his Romeo & Juliet† (Bloom, 69). The striking similarity between Henry and Catherine and their Shakespearean counterparts, Romeo and Juliet is how the love relationship between them, which started as flirtation affair, graduated to mature relationship where they held their own even when the odds were stacked against them. The background of the love story between Catherine and Henry is the Austria-Italy war amidst the grueling World War I while the Shakespearean lovers had to hold out the Montague-Capulet family feud. Drawing other similarities between the two immortal creations of love and sacrifice, Baker says â€Å"Neither in Romeo & Juliet nor in A Farewell to Arms is the catastrophe a direct and logical result of the immoral social situation† (Baker 99). Baker concludes that Catherine’s death â€Å"is an unfortunate biological accident† and â€Å"the death of Shakespeare’s lovers is also precipitated by an accident – the detention of the message bearing friar† (Baker, 99). Baker also observes that â€Å"Catherine’s death,†¦.shows a kind of artistic inevitability. Except by a large indirection, the war does not kill Catherine any more than the Veronese feud kills Juliet†. (Bloom, 39). Hemmingway does not portray every graphical detail of the war. The only strong depiction of war comes in when the book illustrates the bombardment and injury of Henry immediately after the

The Isolation of Bacteria from Sewage water

The Isolation of Bacteria from Sewage water The Isolation of Bacteria from Sewage water for the decomposition of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic films Chapter I- Introduction BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Plastic is lightweight, durable and impermeable. These qualities have made plastic a preferable material for society. But the abundant production of plastic due to the great demand of society means an excessive deal of disposal as well. The use of these lightweight, inexpensive materials are as single-use items that will go to the garbage dump within a year, where they’ll persist for centuries. This imposes a threat to the health of people, animals, and the environment. Most plastic bags are made from polyethylene (PE) which is a polymer consisting of long chains of the monomer ethylene (Burd, 2008). A molecule of Polyethylene is made up of a long chain of carbon atoms with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is one kind of Polyethylene material that is used for making plastic products such as shopping bags, shampoo bottles, etc. (Freudenrich, Ph.D, 2011). HDPE plastic bags have a high melting point and tensile strength, making it difficult to be decomposed, which is a problem in maintaining the cleanliness of the environment. Wastewater comes from two major sources: human sewage and process waste from manufacturing industries. Waste water treatment involves containing naturally occurring bacteria and microbes at a high concentration in tanks to form active sludge. The bacteria in the sludge feed on the carbon molecules from the waste in order to grow, thus, cleansing the waste water (Davies B.Sc, Ph.D, 2005) Previous studies have also shown that plastics that end up in landfills degrade due to certain types of carbon-thriving bacterium that break down the plastic into simpler and safer forms such as water and alcohol. Since High Density Polyethylene plastic is basically made up of carbon molecules, and sewage water contains various bacterium that are used for wastewater treatments it can be concluded that certain bacterium in sewage water can be utilized in degrading HDPE plastic bags. GENERAL PROBLEM What is the effect of the isolated bacteria from the sewage water to the HDPE plastic in terms of weight? SUB PROBLEMS 1. How many types of decomposing bacteria can be found in the sewage water? 2. What would be the most effective decomposing bacteria for HDPE plastic that may be found in sewage water? 3. How much weight loss will HDPE plastic have with the help of these decomposing bacteria? OBJECTIVES 1. To identify and isolate the PE- degrading bacteria in sewage water. 2. To discover a way to utilize bacteria in decomposing plastic waste. 3. To identify strains of bacteria that is not considered as PE degrading bacteria SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study shows the importance of the presence of bacteria in sewage water. It may not be the reason for people to avoid the contamination of bodies of water but it may be an assurance that HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic films will degrade through the existence and exposure of cultured bacteria in sewage water. The strains of bacteria will be isolated and identified then will be used to decompose plastic and make sure that the strain of bacteria is the main cause for its degradation and weight loss. It is common knowledge to know that PE degrading bacteria are present in landfill but there are questions to people if PE degrading bacteria are consistently present in bodies of water, and if the strains of bacteria that inhabit water largely affect the decomposition of plastic films, these questions will be answered after the experimentation. The study can be more interesting if the resulting isolated bacteria are not described as PE degrading bacteria. It will be a new disco very because the identified bacteria will be considered as a new medium for decomposition. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS In the said study, the researchers are focused in isolating bacteria and using it as a decomposer of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic bags. They are limited to utilizing samples from sewage water, with the assumption that it contains various kinds of microorganisms, as a source of the bacteria that they will need in decomposing the said plastic. The researchers are also limited to using High-density Polyethylene bags which is known for its high density and strong tensile strength. Furthermore, due to its high density, this kind of plastic is not easily decomposed making it as a problem in maintaining the cleanliness of the environment. Chapter II- Review of Related Literature Plastic Plastic is a lightweight, impermeable and durable material. It has many uses to society most commonly for packaging and storage. It is presented in a variety of ways depending on the mixture and the chemical bonds. The chemical bonds of plastic make it slow down the degrading process making the high production of this material harmful to the environment. It is harmful especially when it is not disposed properly. Most plastics have organic polymers. Most of these polymers have either chains of carbon dioxide alone or with oxygen, sulphur and or nitrogen. Polyethylene Polyethylene is the most common plastic used today. Approximately 80 million tons of it is produced yearly. Its main use is for packaging. It commonly has a long carbon chain with two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom in the chain. It is chemically synthesized from ethylene, which is a compound usually made from petroleum or natural gas. HDPE When there are no long chains of polyethylene branching from the carbon atoms the polyethylene is now classified as linear polyethylene. It is more costly than LDPE but even though it is costly it is sturdier. Linear polyethylene is made by a procedure called Ziegler-Natta Polymerization. Water Water has the chemical equation H2O. It covers 71% of the earth’s surface. It is in liquid form at standard pressure and temperature. Water is also a necessity of all biotic forms in the earth. Water moves continually through the water cycle. Sewage Water Sewage water is carried waste in the form of solution or suspension. It is from man’s waste from his daily activities. Classes of sewage include sanitary, commercial, industrial, agricultural and surface runoff. The wastewater from residences and institutions, carrying body wastes (primarily feces, urine and semen), washing water, food preparation wastes, laundry wastes, and other waste products of normal living, are classed as domestic or sanitary sewage. Liquid-carried wastes from stores and service establishments serving the immediate community, termed commercial wastes, are included in the sanitary or domestic sewage category if their characteristics are similar to household flows. Wastes that result from an industrial process or the production or manufacture of goods are classed as industrial wastewater. Their flows and strengths are usually more varied, intense, and concentrated than those of sanitary sewage. Surface runoff, also known as storm flow or overland flow, is that portion of precipitation that runs rapidly over the ground surface to a defined channel. Precipitation absorbs gases and particulates from the atmosphere, dissolves and leaches materials from vegetation and soil, suspends matter from the land, washes spills and debris from urban streets and highways, and carries all these pollutants as wastes in its flow to a collection point. Bacteria Bacteria are from the Kingdom of Prokaryotes. They are very abundant in the earth and are one of the very first life forms to exist. Usually a few millimetres long and are spherical, rod or spiral in form. They may be found in almost every habitat. They play a big role in recycling nutrients like in the conversion of compounds and in the fixation of nitrogen. These bacteria can adapt to environmental conditions very well and survive wherever they are placed. CHAPTER III- MATERIALS AND METHODS In making this experiment, the researchers must prepare the following materials the sample bottle must be prepared for the collection of sewage water. It has to be properly labeled to avoid misuse/confusion. The researchers will get the plastic films from a plastic processor and distributor. The next steps would be with a help of a certified scientist. In the isolation of the bacteria, either way for a dilute sample such as water you would probably have to concentrate the sample. It is best to have a few liters of sample. First filter out the particulate matter with a 20 uM filter, then you can use water sampling nitrocellulose filter disc of 0.2 um. This probably needs a vacuum pump to draw the water through. You can then rinse this disc or swab it with a moist swab and use a series of dilutions to inoculate agar plates. Take a 10 ul drop and spread it out over the agar plate using a sterilized spreader. The agar i use for water samples is mostly very dilute in nutrients so that I do not have an overgrowth of one type of bacteria. I have used 1/5th strength nutrient agar, that is the nutrients do not dilute the agar strength. There are a whole variety of water based agars but the ISP2 media diluted to 1/4 strength was one of the best.. You can also take some of the waste water and filter it and use it for making wastewater agar to see if this will produce any colonies or try adding a very small amount of diluted nutrients. As above you can also use a host of diagnostic agars to see if there are any particular groups of organisms in the water. Another factor is the temperature of incubation. This is probably the best temperature to isolate the most organisms. Use room temperature incubati on or 10C incubation to isolate the widest variety of organisms. If you use 37C you will probably only select out a few organisms. The researchers may try some under anaerobic conditions also if they have anaerobic jars. Generally at low temperatures colonies might not develop for a few weeks, so after a day you might have to wrap your plates with parafilm or keep them in moist conditions to prevent them drying out. Flowchart

The Role of Computers in Manufacturing Engineering :: Technology

The Role of Computers in Manufacturing Engineering The use of the computer has had a positive impact on manufacturing engineering in many ways. Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature. The term engineer denotes a person who has received professional training in pure and applied sciences. The first and biggest positive impact on engineering has been the use of Computer Numerical Control machines (CNC); computers were first introduced to these controls in the early 1970’s. CNC machines typically replace or work in conjunction with some existing manufacturing process. For example before CNC machines a person using a drill press to machine holes would have to do a lot of work for themselves. They would have to place a drill in the drill chuck is secured in the spindle of the drill press. They can then select the desired speed for rotation, and activate the spindle. Then they manually pull on the quill lever to drive the drill into the work piece being machined. As you can see, there are a lot of manual steps required to use a drill press to drill holes. While this way may be acceptable for a small number of holes or parts. However, as quantities grow, so dose the likelihood for fatigue due to the tediousness of the operation. There are also more complicated machin ing operations that would require a much higher skill level of the person running the machining tool. The CNC machining center can be programmed to perform this operation in a much more automatic fashion. Everything that the drill press operator was doing manually will now be done by the CNC machine, including: placing the drill in the spindle, activating the spindle, positioning the work piece under the drill, machining the hole, and turning off the spindle. CNC works from a source code made on a computer that you just save as a file on your disk and insert it into the machine. The code can be made using two different ways, the first is just understanding the code, and by using the notepad program on you computer, you can just type it right out. This is the easiest way for very simple process, which doesn’t require much code. The second way is by using computer aided drafting (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) programs on your computer.

Toyota Vietnam

In today automobiles industry, Toyota is well-known not only in Asia but also all over the world. Established seven decades ago, we could say that Toyota brand has been appeared most of countries all over the world, and they have a big influence on automobiles industry. Beside the success of Toyota through decades, Toyota has faced with many obstacle that affect strongly on its reputation in a few years back. Overview Toyota was found by Sakichi Toyoda. It traces the company's development through 1937, when Toyota Motor Co. Ltd was established with the mission is to make maximum long-term profits for its stockholders and be a good corporate citizen. In 1950, a Toyota motor sale Co. , Ltd was built because the company faces a financial crisis. After thirty years, Toyota Motor Co. , Ltd and Toyota motor sale Co. , Ltd are merged into Toyota Motor Corporation, 1982. The director of Toyota Corporation is Mr. Fujio Cho. Today, Toyota is the world's second or third largest automobiles manu facturer in both unit sales and in net sales, and the No. 1 seller of retail vehicles in the US. It produces over 5. 5 million vehicles per year. Toyota Motor Vietnam (TMV) was established in 1995 and official opening in October 1996. President is Mr. Akito Tachibana. Vietnam Toyota’s product includes Hiace, Camry, Corolla Altis, Innova, Vios and Fortuner (Locally-produced models)and Land Cruiser, Hilux (Imported models), with a production capacity of 20,000 vehicles/year. TMV is possessed by three associates: Toyota Motor Corporation (70%), Vietnam Engine and Agricultural Machinery Corporation – VEAM (20%), KUO Singapore Pte. Ltd (10%). Fact issues The first root problem which Toyota Vietnam encounters is business ethics. TMV is irresponsible in securing the customers’ safety. Although, during production process, the company detected three seriously technical flaws which are involved in safety standard contents, they still passed the decision to launch faulty cars to the market. At the time 2006- 2011, Innova and Fortuner cars were attracting lots of demand s by convenient designs, suitable price. It led TMV’s sale productivity last year up to 31,000 cars for Innova series that occupied 1/3 market share in Vietnam, according to bbc. co. uk/Vietnamese- article in 8th April 12, 2011. That means TMV get lots of profit from those attracted products; but users’ lives are threatening when driving. Moreover, the problem is just exposed to public by an employee who discontented with the irresponsibility of company. It leads the authorities entering into the investigations. The company brand was broken down; and TMV started losing the customers’ loyalty. However, in a press conference, Mr. Tadashi Yoshida- production director of TMV affirmed that â€Å"if there are any accidents which are defined relating to those technical faults by authorities, TMV will take the responsibility. † That means the rights of customers aren’t respected; the safety of thousands of consumers are not concentrated on. The second root problem which Toyota Vietnam is facing is human. In an organization, the human factor is the core in whole processes from production to management. Their power and contribution are invaluable to the growth of company. However, TMV is losing themselves far away their working philosophy â€Å"To employees, we always record and respect each individual’s efforts and contribution in our success. † In the case thousands faulty cars recently, Le Van Tach-an engineer of TMV find out serious faults which will affect to users’ safety, and send suggestion to stop manufacturing and recall the faulty cars to fix immediately. But, the managers don’t heed feedbacks, ideas, or opinions to solve problems effectively. They tend to ignore Mr. Tach many times, and have arbitrary decisions. That means employees contributions in TMV success aren’t focus. Therefore, the company has to face heavy criticisms. Solution Toyota cooperation offers several handling there problem including the external and the internal problems. Firstly, Toyota has some solution for external issue. To customers, the strategy carry the title â€Å"Customer first† which includes creating a complaint center for receiving, handling any customers’ complaints and solving problem with a good and friendly attitude. In addition, the complaint center also handles the employees’ suggestion. Further more, they could organize some corporate social responsibility programs to gain back their reputation and create a new responsibility image in community’s heart. Besides, they also need to do promotion to attract more customers. To employees, they should always record and respect each individual’s efforts and contribution in our success. This human-being business view point has made our active contributions for the society as the good citizen at the local community with 3 important targets: Customer’s satisfaction; Active contributions to Vietnam’s automobile industry and to Vietnam society. Secondly, Toyota has a strategy to solve the internal problem. In human resources strategy, Toyota divided into eight areas such as rewards and recognition, training, hiring, the performance management process, corporate culture, leadership development and succession, retention, risk assessment. However, basing on the published article, we can understand that TMV only need to execute in some fields include rewards and recognition, training, and the performance management process. The purpose of any corporate reward process is to encourage and incent the right behaviors and to discourage the negative ones. It’s important for the reward process to incent the gathering of information about problems. It’s equally important to reward employees who are successful in getting executives to take immediate action on negative information. Toyota can use rewards and recognition for the ones who can contribute the ideas of Cost-cutting, for example. Secondly, for training process, Toyota is famous for its four-step cycle — plan/do/check/act — but clearly the training among managers now needs to focus more on the last two. In addition, in an environment where safety is paramount, everyone should have been trained on the symptoms of â€Å"groupthink† and how to avoid the excess discounting or ignoring of negative external safety information. Finally, Performance management processes identify problem behaviors before they get out of hand, measure responsiveness to negative information, report groupthink type errors. Toyota doing so well, maybe for the time by time the strategy out of dates so retention and improving the current customers’ needs. Implementation The implementation of the strategy of Toyota should follow the ime illustrated by the the chart below. Conclusion General speaking, Toyota’s problems are the lessons for all of corporations in automobiles industry in particular and for all corporations in the world in general. Through those issues, we can conclude with three lessons. Firstly, the companies should not neglect the quality control, even though a famous brand. Secondly, they should not accelerate the market share without focusing on product quality control. Finally, they should build and protect the essence of the brand which is the strength of the brand, which is the product quality in the case of Toyota. Work cited http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/vietnam/2011/04/110408_toyotavietnam_recall.shtml http://www.tinmoi.vn/6-ldquochieurdquo-Toyota-dung-de-doi-pho-voi-con-loc-trieu-hoi-xe-04177312.html http://www.tienphong.vn/Xe-Hoi/533817/Toyota-se-nga-ngua-o-VN-vi-bi-tay-chay-.html http://vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Toyota-cho-rang-xe-bi-to-loi-khong-can-thu-hoi/75283550/87/ http://vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Toyota-VN-xin-thu-hoi-xe-bi-to-dinh-loi-nghiem-trong/75284215/87/ http://vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Toyota-Viet-Nam-van-lap-lo-thong-tin/75283765/87/ http://tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/business/toyota-vietnam-technical-flaws-spark-public-outrage-1.26622 http://tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/business/vietnam-must-inspect-toyota-over-technical-faults-1.26804

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay

In Ambrose Bierce’s short story, ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,’ he uses his setting to carry out the plot of the story better than the short film of ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. ’ The words in the short story flow so beautifully, and give such detail as to fully understand the emotions running through Peyton Farquhar’s head as the time progresses to his hanging. In my opinion, the story’s graphic settings and imagery easily grasp the introduction rising action/climax, and conclusion as Ambrose Bierce originally wanted the story to be told. In the introduction of the short story, Bierce tells of a man, soon to be known as Farquhar, standing above a bridge engaged to be hung. As he is waiting for the lieutenant to complete preparations, he lays eyes upon a piece of drift wood in the swirling stream below the bridge. The story then goes into detail about how slowly the stream appeared to be moving the drift wood along, â€Å"He then let his gaze wander to the swirling water of the stream racing madly beneath his feet. A piece of dancing driftwood caught his attention and his eyes followed the current. How slowly it appeared to move! What a sluggish stream! (Literature 71). † However, in the short film it only represents the image of the piece of wood. This driftwood symbolizes the situation he is currently in; that he is in a chaotic predicament but is still able to ‘slowly drift’ through the problem. Therefore the story helps the reader fully grasp the introduction of the story better than the short film. During the middle of the story, before Farquhar’s last moments he thinks about his wife and children only to be interrupted by the sound of his pocket watch. As if time were slowing down in his last seconds, the interval between each tick is symbolic to how little time he has left. â€Å"Striking through the thought of his dear ones was the sound which he could neither ignore nor understand, a sharp, distinct, metallic percussion like the stroke of a blacksmith’s hammer upon the anvil.. the delays became maddening (Literature 72). † In the short film of ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,’ time speeds up and his pocket watch was taken from him by one of the officers, clearly not as in dept to relate why Bierce wrote the pocket watch into the story. Also during the rising action of the written story, it is told in great details of how he plunges into the water, and begins to swim through the stream. When he removes the noose from his neck, he sees himself performing but doesn’t follow through. He commands himself to place the cord back once he feels a sudden pang throughout his body, but his hands disobey him. This gives the reader inside details of the characters internal state, which is not expressed in the short film. Lastly, before it is known that Farquhar has been hung and this was his mind flashing through his last moments of life, the soldiers begin firing guns while he swims to safety downstream. At one point the written story tells of how he is spinning and whirled around in the water; which brings us back to the symbolism of the driftwood in the introduction. He spins round and round like the driftwood, finally caught up and not in control of the predicament he is in. â€Å"He had been caught in a vortex and was being whirled on with a velocity of advance.. spinning like a top (Literature 75). The film does not show the final symbolism of the driftwood and rushes through the stream to only have Farquhar advance to the bank and run through the forest to his wife and children. Therefore, in my opinion, Bierce’s written version of ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek,’ uses the setting to advance the story and plot to the readers. It is more in dept and brings all things to light: internal state, physical state, symbolism, and his flashbacks. The introduction, rising action, and conclusion were all better carried out with setting in the written version rather the short film.